Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences

FAJR HOSPITAL

UROLOGY DEPARTMENT · MARIVAN

SURGICAL EXCELLENCE · GENITOURINARY CARE

Urology Department

Comprehensive surgical and medical management of the male and female urinary-tract system and male reproductive organs, combining minimally invasive techniques with advanced diagnostic precision.

DIAGNOSIS · SURGERY · RECOVERY

WHAT IS UROLOGY

Genitourinary Surgery & Medicine

Urology is a branch of medicine that deals with surgery and treatment of the urinary tract of men and women, as well as male reproductive organs. Also known as genitourinary surgery, it focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system. Organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis).

A doctor who specializes in this branch of medicine is called a urologist. In women, urology does not interfere with the genital system and female reproduction. The urinary and reproductive tracts are closely linked, and disorders of one often affect the other — thus a major spectrum of the conditions managed in urology exists under the domain of genitourinary disorders.

SPECIALIZED SURGICAL UNIT

Advanced Urological Care Wing

Urology combines the management of medical (non-surgical) conditions, such as urinary-tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions such as bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence. Urological techniques include minimally invasive robotic and laparoscopic surgery, laser-assisted surgeries, and other scope-guided procedures.

CLINICAL INDICATORS

Symptoms of Urological Diseases

Recognizing the key symptoms helps in early diagnosis and treatment of urological conditions. Below are the primary clinical indicators that warrant consultation with a urologist.

01 / HEMATURIA

Blood in the Urine

If the amount is high, it can be seen with the naked eye and in small amounts is detected in a urine test. Any presence of blood requires urological investigation.

02 / DYSURIA

Urinary Incontinence & Pain

Can be felt at the beginning, end, or in the middle of urination. This symptom frequently indicates infection, inflammation, or structural abnormality.

Frq

03 / FREQUENCY

Frequent Urination

Can be daily or at night (nocturia). Increased urinary frequency often signals bladder dysfunction, prostate issues, or urinary tract infection.

Flw

04 / FLOW REDUCTION

Decreased Urine Flow

Can be accompanied by straining when urinating and also prolonged urination time. Often associated with prostatic enlargement or urethral stricture.

CONSULTATION GUIDE

When Should You See a Urologist?

Patients usually see a urologist in many cases. The most common of them are:

Urinary Tract Disorders

Infections, obstructions, and functional abnormalities of the urinary system.

Bladder Problems

Overactive bladder, incontinence, bladder cancer, and voiding dysfunction.

Kidney Diseases

Urea-related diseases and anatomical defects that affect kidney function.

Male Genital Disorders

Diseases affecting the male reproductive organs, including prostate conditions.

Congenital Abnormalities

Traumatic injury, stress incontinence, and structural birth defects of the urinary system.

COMMON UROLOGICAL DISEASE

Urinary Stones

Urinary stones can be divided according to the sex, type of stone, age of the patient and the location of the stone. The most common types of urinary system stones include calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, infectious and cysteine.

Loc

STONE LOCATION

Kidney to Ureter Pathway

Stones usually form in the kidneys. If the stone has a way out, it enters the ureter — the duct between kidneys and bladder — and it is usually at this time that severe pain occurs. Stones typically do not cause much pain while in the kidney.

Bld

BLADDER STONES

Prostatic Obstruction

In patients who have difficulty passing urine out of the bladder, such as those with an enlarged prostate, stones can form directly in the bladder, requiring specialized urological intervention.

SPECIALTY DISTINCTION

Nephrology vs. Urology

Understanding the difference between these two complementary specialties is essential for proper patient referral and treatment planning.

Nph

INTERNAL MEDICINE SUBSPECIALTY

Nephrology

Nephrology is one of the subspecialties of internal medicine. A nephrologist is not a surgeon — they use other methods to treat kidney disease, including dialysis, medication, fluid balance, electrolyte regulation, and blood pressure control.

Uro

SURGICAL & MEDICAL SPECIALTY

Urology

Urology specializes in both surgery and medicine. A urologist specializes in diagnosis, control, and treatment of urinary tract disorders in both men and women, and also treats diseases of the male reproductive system using advanced surgical techniques.

ADVANCED SPECIALIZATION

Urological Subspecialties

Urologists receive training in open and minimally invasive surgical techniques, employing real-time ultrasound guidance, fiber-optic endoscopic equipment, and various lasers. Upon completion of residency, many urologists undergo further fellowship training in subspecialty areas.

Onc

Urologic Oncology

Cancer of the bladder, kidneys, prostate, and testes.

End

Endourology

Minimally invasive scope-guided procedures and surgeries.

Gyn

Urogynecology

Female pelvic floor disorders and urogynecologic surgery.

Rec

Reconstructive Urology

Reconstructive surgery of the urinary tract and genitalia.

Ped

Pediatric Urology

Congenital syndromes, malformations, and adolescent urology.

Trp

Transplant Urology

Transplantation of kidneys, bladder tissue, ureters, and related organs.

Nro

Neurourology

Voiding dysfunction, paruresis, and nervous system disorders.

And

Androurology

Sexual medicine, male infertility, and reproductive health.

INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION

Related Disciplines

Urology is closely related to — and urologists often collaborate with the practitioners of — oncology, nephrology, gynaecology, andrology, pediatric surgery, colorectal surgery, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. This multidisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive patient care across the full spectrum of genitourinary conditions.

UROLOGY CORE PRINCIPLE

"From precise diagnosis to advanced surgical intervention,
every urological condition deserves expert care."

Fajr Hospital Urology Team

08 / TREATMENT APPROACHES

Surgical & Diagnostic Techniques

ROBOTIC

Robotic Surgery

Minimally invasive robotic and laparoscopic surgical procedures for maximum precision.

LASER

Laser-Assisted Surgery

Various lasers employed for treatment of benign and malignant conditions.

IMAGING

Ultrasound-Guided

Real-time ultrasound guidance with fiber-optic endoscopic equipment.

FAJR HOSPITAL · UROLOGY DEPARTMENT · MARIVAN

Seyed Qotb Street, Urology Department, Fajr Hospital, Marivan — Postal Code 6671731144

muk.ac.ir · fajr.marivan@muk.ac.ir

Kurdistan

Fajr Hospital

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